How Federalism Has Changed Since the Ratificationt of the Constitution Essay

Federalism has advanced throughout American history. At various focuses in time, the equalization and limits between the national and state government have changed considerably. In the twentieth century, the job of the national government extended drastically, and it keeps on growing in the twenty-first century. Double Federalism (1789â€1945) Double federalism depicts the idea of federalism for the initial 150 years of the American republic, about 1789 through World War II. The Constitution delineated arrangements for two kinds of government in the United States, national and state. Generally, the national government managed national protection, international strategy, and encouraging business, while the states managed neighborhood matters, monetary guideline, and criminal law. This sort of federalism is additionally calledlayer-cake federalism since, similar to a layer cake, the states’ and the national governments each had their own particular territories of duty, and the various levels infrequently covered. The Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment (1861â€1868) Some portion of the debates that prompted the Civil War (1861â€1865) concerned federalism. Numerous Southerners felt that state governments alone reserved the option to settle on significant choices, for example, regardless of whether subjugation ought to be legitimate. Backers ofstates’ rights accepted that the individual state governments had control over the national government in light of the fact that the states had sanctioned the Constitution to make the central government in any case. Most Southern states in the end withdrew from the Union since they felt that severance was the best way to secure their privileges. In any case, Abraham Lincoln and numerous Northerners held that the Union couldn't be broken down. The Union triumph cemented the bureaucratic government’s control over the states and finished the discussion over states’ rights. The Fourteenth Amendment, confirmed a couple of years after the Civil War in 1868, incorporates three key provisos, which breaking point state control and ensure the fundamental privileges of residents: 1.The benefits and resistances condition pronounces that no state can deny any resident the benefits and insusceptibilities of American citizenship. 2.The fair treatment provision limits states’ capacities to deny residents of their lawful rights. 3.The equivalent assurance provision pronounces that all individuals get the equivalent insurance of the laws Industrialization and Globalization (1865â€1945) The idea of government and legislative issues in the United States changed drastically in the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years. The national government accepted a bigger job because of two significant occasions: 1.Industrialization: The economy turned into a national, modern economy, and the central government was greatly improved prepared than the states to manage this change. For a significant part of the nineteenth century, the administration sought after a hands-off, free enterprise financial approach, yet it started to play a more grounded administrative job in the mid twentieth century. 2.Globalization: Because of its immense economy and its broad exchanging systems, the United States rose as a worldwide financial force. The government expected a more noteworthy monetary job as American organizations and states started exchanging abroad vigorously. In spite of the fact that these occasions happened over numerous decades, they arrived at their high focuses dur ing the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933â€1945). The Great Depression, realized by the accident of the financial exchange in 1929, was one of the most serious monetary downturns in American history. Numerous organizations fizzled, approximately 33% of the populace was unemployed, and neediness was across the board. Accordingly, Roosevelt executed the New Deal, a progression of projects and strategies that endeavored to restore the economy and forestall further sorrow. The New Deal included expanded guideline of banking and trade and projects to reduce neediness, including the development of the Works Progress Administration and a standardized savings plan. So as to actualize these projects, the national government needed to develop significantly, which subsequently removed force from the states. Agreeable Federalism (1945â€1969) Federalism over a great part of the only remaining century has more firmly took after a marble cake as opposed to a layer cake as government authority and state authority have become interlaced. The national government has gotten coordinated with the state and nearby governments, making it hard to tell where one sort of government starts and different sorts end. State and nearby governments oversee numerous administrative projects, for instance, and states rely intensely upon bureaucratic assets to help their own projects. This sort of federalism is calledcooperative federalism, or marble-cake federalism. New Federalism (1969â€present) Since the 1970s, political pioneers and researchers of the New Federalism school have contended that the national government has become excessively amazing and that force ought to be offered back to the states. Despite the fact that the national government remains critical, state governments have recovered some force. Richard Nixon started supporting New Federalism during his administration (1969â€1974), and each president since Nixon has kept on supporting the arrival of certain forces to state and neighborhood governments. Albeit political pioneers differ on the subtleties, most help the general guideline of offering capacity to the states. New Federalism has taken solid structure in an assortment of arrangements. New Federalists have contended for explicit cutoff points on government power, just as devolution, an arrangement of giving states force and duty regarding a few projects. For instance, the 1996 government assistance changes enabled states to spend bureaucratic dollars as they saw fit. Supporters guarantee that nearby and state governments can be progressively successful in light of the fact that they comprehend the conditions of the issue in their state. They contend that a one-size-fits-all program forced by Washington can't work as adequately. Points of interest and Disadvantages of New Federalism New Federalism requests to numerous individuals as a result of its accentuation on neighborhood and state governments. Numerous Americans feel that the national government has gotten excessively meddlesome and unapproachable. These individuals champion state and neighborhood government as closer to the individuals and therefore increasingly responsible. Be that as it may, Americans regularly need a solitary seat of intensity for certain assignments. Contending neighborhood and state governments can mess more up than they understand, particularly during crises. For instance, the awful typhoons of 2005 drove occupants of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama to request a superior, increasingly brought together national reaction. The Supreme Court and New Federalism The Supreme Court has assumed a New Federalist job by agreeing with state governments in various cases. Maybe the most notable of these cases is United States v. Lopez (1995), in which the Court decided that Congress had exceeded its clout in making weapon free school zones. All the more questionably, in 2000, the Court struck down pieces of the Violence Against Women Act (1994) for much a similar explanation in United States v. Morrison. In different cases, the court has decided that state governments can't be sued for disregarding rights set up by bureaucratic law. By and large, the Supreme Court during the 1990s diminished the intensity of the central government in significant manners, especially comparable to the business provision.

Microwave and Photonics Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Microwave and Photonics Systems - Essay Example This outcomes in essentially diminished multifaceted nature of the Remote Antenna Unit, as the significant part of the handling is evaded, in any event at the territorial unit level and just optoelectronic transformation and intensification of the changed over sign is important. 2) Estimate a distinction in roundtrip time for information transmission among Tokyo and San Francisco (separation: 8270 km) with respect to the accompanying two specialized techniques; radio-wave (remote) correspondence utilizing a geostationary satellite, and fiber-optic correspondence. Accept that a refractive record for the air is 1, and that of the optical fiber is 1.5. Separation between the earth and the satellite is 38,800 km. Impedance coordinating in a circuit involved direct gadgets is characterized as the way toward making the yield impedance of the source equivalent to the info impedance of the heap, so as to expand the force move from source to stack and along these lines limit reflections from the heap end. This outcomes in expanded proficiency. With regards to radio and fiber optics frameworks, where the frequency of the transmitted sign is a lot of less in contrast with the length of the line, ie, where the adjustments in the sign are quick contrasted with the hour of spread, the impedances at each stopping point must be coordinated to the trademark impedance of the transmission line to forestall impressions of the sign at the parts of the bargains. Something else, echoes may happen and cause the development of standing waves in the transmission line. In radio-recurrence (RF) frameworks, a typical kind of RF load utilized is a quarter-wave ground plane recieving wire utilizing an adjusted ground plane or a coordinating system. 4) Explain one case of delegate recieving wires which are utilized in our radio wave(wireless) frameworks, for example, PDAs, remote LANs, and so on, concerning its sort and activity. Ans) Consider a microstrip recieving wire for instance. A microstrip radio wire picks up its name from the way that it is fundamentally a basic metallic segment of wanted shape suspended over a ground plane. The strip might be flush mounted onto a dielectric or other surface. The feed line is put behind the ground plane (Prasad 809). They are easy to manufacture and simple to alter and tweak. The microstrip fix reception apparatus is the most well-known kind of microstrip recieving wire. It is a narrowband, wide-shaft radio wire with an intrinsic capacity to have polarization assorted variety. These reception apparatuses can without much of a stretch be intended to have Vertical, Horizontal, Right Hand Circular or Left Hand

Weekend Adventures Part One

Weekend Adventures Part One One of my favorite questions to ask, when talking to companies, is what a day as an intern is like. What would I be doing, who would I see, where would i go, etc. I figured that people would want to know what the daily life of an MIT student (i.e. me) is like. So i decided to chronicle my weekend! This will be the first of several a day in the life of Cyd posts and I can imagine them being lots of fun (for me at least) Friday: 5:00 pm helped my friend 1 finish a sudoku puzzle 5:15 pm â€" checked email/facebook/etc and listened to sample songs from the group SouLoved 6:00 pm watch last weeks episode of Bones with another friend 2 while friend 1 was in a meeting 7:15 pm â€" took the bus to wendy’s for dinner with friend 2 8:30 pm â€" ran home to change for the next activity 9:54 pm â€" went to a Salsa Night at Ryles Jazz Club in Cambridge … had a BLAST! 2:00 am â€" walked back to MIT. Stopped at 7/11 for a snack. ran into friends from Boston University. 3:10 am â€" came back to my room with a few friends to hang out 4:52 am â€" bed time ? Saturday: (P.S. in my book, the new day doesn’t start until I’ve had at least 4 hours of sleep lol) 12:00 pm â€" woke up…checked email…planned my week 3:00 pm â€" Gospel Choir practice!!!!!!!!! (favorite time of the week) 7:00 pm â€" LUChAs** Dia de la Revolucion Pozole Dinner 8:27 pm â€" go to friend 1’s room to hang out/catch up 9:45 pm â€" ran home to get laptop and headed to campus to chill 1:37 am â€" watched Avatar until i fell asleep Sunday: 8:00 am â€" wake up fail. Missed church this week :( 1:00 pm went to the gym to watch the Club Volleyball team in their tournament (they came in 3rd overall! Whooohooo! Goooo beavers!) 4:47 pm â€" headed to the Annual Gospel Choir Thanksgiving Potluck! 5:20 pm â€" ate and sang and played games until my side hurt from laughing so much :) 8:13 pm â€" pset time :) ** LUCHA = La Unión Chicana por Aztlán. LUChA is a student group that offers cultural and academic support to students who identify in any way with Mexican American culture. Check out more on their website. Well that was my weekend. :) Post Tagged #LUChA

Performance Analysis The International Basketball...

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Previous research The majority of previous research pertaining to performance analysis in basketball has been focused on the quantitative analysis of game-related statistics, commonly found in a basketball box-score (Sampaio et al., 2006). These game-related statistics include: field goal attempts, field goals made, field goal percentage, 3-point field goal attempts, 3-point field goals made, 3-point field goal percentage, free throws attempted, free throws made, free throw percentage, defensive rebounds, offensive rebounds, assists, steals, blocks, turnovers and personal fouls. The practical value of performance analysis is that well-chosen performance indicators allow good and bad techniques or team performances to be highlighted (Hughes Franks, 2008). Trinic et al. (2002) analysed the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) official performance indicators with the goal of identifying parameters that differentiated between winning and losing teams which played in the final tournaments of the European club championships from 1992 to 2000. Discriminant function structure coefficients (SC) from discriminant analysis exposed that defensive rebounds (SC = 0.42), field goal percentage (3-point field goals made SC = 0.24, 3-point field goals missed SC = -0.30, 2-point field goals made SC = 0.14 and 2-point field goals missed SC = -0.26), and free throw percentage (SC = 0.26) had the highest discriminative power respectively.Show MoreRelatedPreventing PEDs in Professional Sports Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) amo ng athletes in professional sports has caused an outrage all around the world for many years. 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Education Concerning The Purpose Of Schooling - 1475 Words

There has been much debate in education concerning the purpose of schooling in recent years. Functionalist scholars purport that schools exist for the transmission of knowledge and values in order to create a collective and cohesive social group. Here, students gain knowledge in an organized fashion, as the curriculum mandated by the government or state education board is taught (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). Taught through the curriculum are the knowledge, skills, character traits, behaviours, and attitudes required to thrive in capitalist economies, Neo-Marxists theorists argue (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). In these capitalist societies, student assessments and ranking are based on their academic achievement because high†¦show more content†¦Pertinent to this reproduction is the political currency that policy actors’ wield in the construction of a school’s curriculum. The values and principles of these policy actors help shape the philosophical found ation of a country’s education system (Delaney, 2015). Functional theorists â€Å"believed that the purpose of schooling was to transmit a common body of knowledge in order to reproduce a common cultural heritage† (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013, p. 282). Conversely, conflict theorists argued that the common body of knowledge the functionalists speak of are the values, beliefs, and behaviours of the elite, which further contributes to the concretization of the status quo. Conflict theory perspectives emphasize the exploitative relationship between the haves and the have- nots in society and maintains that the education system continues to replicate the existing social strata. The functionalist view, regarded as the humanist curriculum, reflected an idealist philosophy of education. Educational scholars challenged the idealist viewpoint and questioned its credence, consequently, this ushered in a new perspective in the early twentieth century (Sadovnik, Cookson, Seme l, 2013). The development of the social efficiency curriculum was the solution to the issues surrounding the humanist curriculum. Arguably, in most western societies, the social efficiency curriculum thrives in politically democratic environments. Grounded in the work ofShow MoreRelatedEssay975 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance of their country’s education system. The main reason for this trend is the shared opinion that countries will need to be able to compete in the ‘knowledge economy’ to assure the economic wellbeing of their citizens. Whilst benchmark indicators of knowledge economy ‘supply’ variables, such as investment in education as a proportion of GDP, have been available for a long time, countries had no way of comparing the effect of their investments and schooling in general upon students’ knowledgeRead MoreEducation And The Current System Of Teaching966 Words   |  4 PagesIn the history of education, there are many events and people whic h one could say are the most important in the development of the current systems of teaching. Here, I have put together a summary of five such monumental events and influential people which I consider the most important regarding schooling and education in the U.S.. Starting with the first establishment of higher education in the U.S., Harvard University, and the first public library, set up in 1698 in South Carolina, and the evolutionRead MoreSingle-Gender Classrooms Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiments. 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While it is a universal right, millions of people around the world are still denied the opportunity to access education because of various reasonsRead MoreHow Productive Were The Strategies And Policies Presented By Different Parties1063 Words   |  5 Pagesgive an opportunity to look at the changes in the education system in the UK critically and find out what is the next step in schooling and education. Aim: The aim of the research is to investigate usefulness of each strategy and to outline the strongest. There will be presented an analysis of the policies developed by each party with examination of its strength and weaknesses. Literature review: During the period from 1979 to 2015 the education system was in hands of different ruling parties:Read MoreI Sit At My Desk1171 Words   |  5 PagesUnderlying any discussion of education lies the question the question of why. What is the purpose? A student who is driven by purpose in his learning may succeed much more than one with unclear purpose or simply checking things off his list so he can move on in life. Alfie Kohn in attempting to look at what it means to be well-educated states, â€Å"Rather than attempting to define what it means to be well educated, should we instead be asking about the purposes of education? The latter formulation invitesRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words   |  4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized educatio n has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that take place in education are a directly resultRead MorePhilosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice954 Words   |  4 PagesThis history or education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that result in education stem from the everRead MorePreference for Co-Ed Schools in Korea1545 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesIn Korea, there are as countless single-sex schools as co-ed schools. But, in Korea, co-ed schools are a extra preferable form of education above single-sex schools because they rise competitiveness, fairness, and sociability. Two of my origins do prop my locale as one more one is impartial and one is opposed. Additionally, my real-life experiences of co-ed schools and single-sex schools in Korea will give prop that co-ed schools are preferable. Despite intellectual attainments, there are extraRead MoreImpact Of Education On The American Education System1671 Words   |  7 PagesEducation has overtime developed from an institution that lacked what was necessary to properly education men, women and children, to what is now a fairly decent system that prepares people from all across the world. For minorities, or underrepresented ethnic groups in America this is a different case. My focused are of research pertains to the history of education and how policies and the quality of it has transformed. While we have grown over the decades to provide education for all groups of people

Chinua Achebe The Invention And Mastery Of Modern...

In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he has received and will continue to receive from critics is certainly not misdirected, as Achebe has indeed found a way to give voice to previously poorly documented individuals. By expertly crafting narrations to sound as though the narrator is speaking in†¦show more content†¦These anxieties are because of the misrepresentation that African figures (and other colonized and minority figures) often face when being written about by or for Western audiences. Aniagolu states the importance of writing an African novel as opposed to writing a novel about Africa, and indicates that Achebe’s experience in Africa no doubt helped him in writing this novel from the inside out. She mentions that â€Å"this distinction does not simply refer to a writers geographic location at the time of writing† however, â€Å"it refers concretely to historical, psychic, cultural, social and emotional location in consciousness, time and space† (2). Achebe was obviously very consciously aware of all of this when he decided to create the story of Okonkwo, and the lens through which readers would experience it. Things Fall Apart is narrated by an unknown third person who is able to provide insight into the thoughts of most of the characters. This voice appears in the beginning to adhere to tradition, however, in the closing of the book appears to have much more modern views. Critics have noticed this and tend to argue that this means there narrator could have switched into a different

Reflective Writing Importance Of Negotiation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Writing Importance Of Negotiation. Answer: Reflection 1 In the book, Getting to Yes: Negotiating an agreement without giving in, Fisher and Ury lay stress on the importance of negotiation in an individuals life. Examples of the persons from different fields- lawyers, businesspersons, two strangers, union leaders and others are cited for enhancing the clarity of the readers regarding the issues, which needs negotiation for the fulfillment of the business purpose. Herein lays the appropriateness of the sentence, Negotiation is the basic means for getting what you want from others (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). The major drive behind negotiations is varied in different places. In workplace, negotiations and agreements are undertaken for strengthening the bondage between the personnel and the stakeholders. On the other hand, in personal life, negotiation connotes coping up and adjusting with the tensions, worries and quarrels, which are an inseparable part of every household. Here, I affirm with Fisher and Ury. The book is divided into three parts, which I think resembles with the stages involved in the process of negotiation. The first and the primary step is to identify and specify the problem for which negotiation is needed (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). Here, I agree with Fisher and Ury that if the position offered are argued, time for negotiation and achieving effective solutions are lost without the knowledge and information of the personnel. The second step is the excavation of appropriate means of negotiating. Again, my affirmation goes with Fisher and Ury in terms of inspiring the readers to set objectives for achieving success. Here, the focus needs to be on the wellbeing of the stakeholders rather than their positions. The third part of the book is the most important. This is because of the title, Yes, but.., which reflects the doubt of the personnel regarding the appropriateness, feasibility and effectiveness of the selected negotiation method (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). This is natural in terms of the psychological perceptive regarding the decisions, which they take in their life. Thinking that the other decisions might be powerful reflects the inferiority complex of the persons in terms of exercising their decision-making skills. The phrase, wont play refers to the hesitations and doubts regarding the ineffectiveness of the selected means of negotiation. They are the opposite parties, with whom negotiation is to be done. These doubts seem negligible if rationality is maintained in the undertaken standpoint (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). Reflection 2 The name of the book aligns with the effective and judicious utilization of technology in its present connotation. As a matter of specification, it does not really matter, how much technology has attained advancement; most important thing is its utilization. Herein lays the important of strategic planning, which has diminished presently. I feel if mere desktop computers, local and wide area networks, enterprise software and the internet could alter the scenario of the world, it would take just a little eagerness, willingness and rational thinking to incorporate strategic planning within the IT firms. Disputation in terms of technology being the backbone of commerce attains a negative connotation. Typical evidence in this direction are the apps, which has increased the convenience of the personnel to prepare the budgets automatically (Carr 2003). However, discovery of the advantages of internet has brought with it many disadvantages, which has made the advantages go into oblivion. This aggravates the risks of the IT firms, which adds into the dysfunctionality of computer systems. Consideration of the resources as essential to competition but inconsequential for strategy is a matured thought in terms of effective utilization of the systems for enhancing the productivity. If essential to competition is considered, I think the selfish mentality of the personnel in terms of grabbing the hot seat in the competitive ambience of the market, gets preference. This reflects negligence towards the strategic planning, confirming its insignificance in the business activities (Carr 2003). The previous sentence adds value to the fact that it really does not matter if strategic planning is not incorporated. On the contrary, if inconsequential to strategy is considered, the thoughts of securing the market position attain a backseat. Delving deep into the aspect, strategic planning helps the personnel to achieve successful completion of the tasks, which results in the achievement of large scale customer satisfaction, which, itself, secures the market position in the competitive ambience (Carr 2003). References Carr, N.G., 2003. IT doesn't matter.Educause Review,38, pp.24-38. Fisher, R., Ury, W.L. and Patton, B., 2011.Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. Penguin. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Vezzoli, C., Ceschin, F., Diehl, J.C. and Kohtala, C., 2015. New design challenges to widely implement Sustainable ProductService Systems.Journal of Cleaner Production,97, pp.1-12.

Garcia v Fairey is one of the most talked about mo Essays - Data

Garcia v Fairey is one of the most talked about modern day cases in respect to copyright law. This case is a heavy tug of war between the two. Who has the right to what? Who deserves the money? Most of all, who's in the right? In this essay, the discussion of rights and copyright law will be discussed, and how, at the very least in a legal respect, Fairey crossed no lines. In the case Garcia v Fairey, the legal proceedings cannot be followed through as you would on any average litigation case. This case is truly only based in the eye of the beholder. Art can only be so objective, and that is shown in the metaphorical tug of war throughout this case. The first case to be made throughout this trial was whether Fairey had infringed upon the copyright that was already placed upon Garcia's photograph of Obama. Whether or not this is true is up to the jury, however, there are far too many differences between the image, and the poster, to pose a reasonable argument against Fairey's image. Fairey had changed enough, down to the angle of then-senator Obama's neck. The image was not clearly infringing on any copyright laws, as shown in section 1303 in chapter 13 of Circular 92 Copyright Law of the United States, which was revised in 2016. This says that all revisions, adaptations, and so forth are protected, so long as the design is a substantial rearrangemen t from the original. This can be proven, as clearly, Fairey could not have just used posterize and printed HOPE' over it. This image was hand drawn, and there are enough differences between the photograph and the drawing to make a case that the rearrangement is substantial. The composition is changed, the image itself changing from having a complex background to focusing just on Obama, with his head tilted further upward, and with no background. Not to mention the change in colors, the lack of complexity and so forth, all form to be a fairly easy case to make in Fairey's favor. Even with this evidence, however there is the case to be made of referencing, and whether or not that could be classified as infringing upon copyright laws. The use of Garcia's image, be it as a reference or a mere inspiration, is difficult to argue against when comparing the two images, (And later, Fairey did admit to the accusations being true). However, referencing an image can hardly be considered a crime. If one were to go to court over referencing, almost every artist would be put to court for this crime. While royalties would be appreciated, Fairey was under absolutely no requirement to follow through with doing so- the image had a reasonable difference between both images. Those who say it is too heavily referenced, or is too similar to the original photograph are entitled to their opinions, however, there must be an objective look at the art. There are plenty of differences between it, and to say that it's a blatant plagiarization is just ignoring all the obvious differen ces that have been mentioned before. The coloring, the shading, the angle, Fairey even edited the position Obama was in to make him both seem more leaderly' and to fit in an emblem (or pin) on the suit. These differences cannot be argued just because the poster was referenced by the image, or because it is similar to it. The grounds on which Garcia based his lawsuit are flimsy, and difficult to prove, even with a scan over. Unless he somehow manages to prove that Fairey traced over his image, specifically (and looking at the details of the piece, that's yet another hard case to make.) Details have either been added or omitted that would make it an obvious trace. In the end, there's no way of proving it, and referencing is not a crime- if it were, all artists would be guilty. The obstruction of evidence is what hurt Fairey's case, but the use of a reference is no crime- while willful negligence is. In the end, the defense could have made a case surrounding Fairey referencing off Garcia's photograph, but Fairey committed

Bret Hart essays

Bret Hart essays The best there is the best there was and the best there ever will be. Bret Hart was an icon of WWF and WCW. He will always be remembered by his fans. Bret came from a large family . Bret and Owen were the only two members of the family who wanted to become wrestling superstars. Also Stu Hart was involved in the wrestling business. He brought up Owen and Bret to become wrestlers. The Stu family were involved in the WWF for the following reason. Brets father Stu, had a training room, that had everything that a amateur wrestler needed. Weights, wrestling mats, you name it, the room had it all. This room was called The Dungeon, where many great wrestlers trained like Chris Benoit, Owen Hart, etc. The WWF was interested in this dungeon, it brought the Harts to the WWF. Bret had a normal education where there were no types of advantages or anything like that for Bret just because his father was famous. Bret finished Elementary school, and went to Ernest Manning High School and laboured at a gas plant to pay his tuition at Mount Royal College. To do this he had to take one and a half years off High School. Brets favourite subject was English. Bret was not yet interested in wrestling, instead he wanted to direct films. That later changed. Bret Harts most memorable matches were: The Hartfoundation vs. The British Bulldogs (First Tag Team Title Victory), The Hartfoundation vs. Demolition (Second Tag Team Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Mr. Perfect (First IC Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Rowdy Rody Piper (Second IC Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Ric Flair (First World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Yokozuna (Second World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Diesel(Third World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Vader/Steve Austin/The Undertaker (Fourth World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. The Undertaker (Fifth World Title Title Victory). Bret Harts most favourite matches w...

How can we define authorship in TV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How can we define authorship in TV - Assignment Example Given this argument, it follows that the identification of the technical competence of the director would enable critic and viewers alike to determine the quality and artistic value of the TV program. Auteurism however has been criticized in its application to film and TV show making because the creation of a film or show involves a lot of people in its production process that it would be difficult to say that a certain individual was solely responsible of the authorship or creation of the film (Moran 1999). Moreso, in a Hollywood setting where a multitude of people had to work and collaborate together to create a film. We can cite for example the film The Big Sleep (1946) which was a product of collaboration with different film makers. It involved novelist Raymond Chandler who wrote the novel which was the basis of the film, Howard Hawks, screenwriters William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett and actors Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall (Lev 1988) all were distinguished artists in their own right. It is also important to note that the film made a last minute revision in January of 1946 invites discussion about authorship because it clarifies when and who decides for the change of the fi lm indicating ownership of the film (Lev 1988). This is an important notion of auteurism because it highlights the complicity in according authorship in a film as argued by the critics of auteurism. In contemporary setting in creating a TV program various creative people are involved to complete the production. It involves Director,  Producer,  Creator,  Executive producer,  Assistant producer,  Researcher,  Star,  Writer, all of which have creative inputs to complete the production of a TV program. Such, if we are to determine authorship in the strict meaning of the word, it would be difficult to assign it to a single individual because no individual can complete a TV program by himself.   We can however infer to the

Based on the above statement. discuss and critically evaluate the Essay

Based on the above statement. discuss and critically evaluate the conceptual Business Model framework with reference to structur - Essay Example Success in this case is not only valued in the amount of money that a business is able to make but is based on whether the organization is able to achieve all the objectives it had set out for itself at the beginning of the business. For example, a Non Profit organization does not focus on increasing their profit margin but have other objectives on hand (mainly to do with helping others) and it is by achieving these objectives that they consider themselves successful. A business model will determine the structure and purpose of an organization as well as how that organization will evaluate itself. The model is chosen at the beginning of the formation of the business and will determine how a business will proceed henceforth in attaining the objectives that it has set out for itself (Pike & Neale, 2003). The type of business will depend on the ambition of the organization and what they hope to achieve by setting up the business (Spencer, 2000).. ... Therefore it can be said that the business model used brings out the character of a business. There are a number of objectives that an organization that enters the market may hope to achieve and it is these objectives that determine the type of business model that will used by the company (Cuthbertson & Nitzsche, 2001). It is essential to understand the main categories of these objectives in order to understand the business models that have been employed to achieve them. The main categories of business objectives include: Profit – This is the most traditional objective in existence when it comes to businesses. Most organizations are set up in order to make money from the activities that they participate in and thus the main objective of such a business would be to improve their profit margin as much as possible (George & Bock, 2012). Such businesses will employ a business model that mainly focuses on gaining a controlling hold on the market and attracting as many consumers as possible while using the least amount of money in terms of cost in activities such as production and other required necessities that may include factors such as marketing and advertising strategies and remuneration among other costs. Social Uplifting – This is a newer concept with organizations and has developed from the emergence of social responsibility that organizations may feel towards the society that they operate in. This objective focuses on improving the lives of individuals within the society that they operate in and do not only focus on improving profit margins. In such an organization, decisions are influenced by how they will affect the society and do not only focus on the bottom line (George & Bock, 2012). These organizations feel that it is possible for everyone to

A History Of The Renaissance Period History Essay

A History Of The Renaissance Period History Essay The Renaissance was a period in European history marked by a cultural flowering. The Renaissance is defined as the revival or rebirth of the arts. The home of the Renaissance was Italy, with its position of prominence on the Mediterranean Sea.   Italy was the commerce capital between Europe and Eurasia, during this time period, from fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. Painters, sculptors, and architects exhibited a similar sense of adventure and the desire for greater knowledge and new solutions. During the Renaissance, artist were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they had been to the medieval past, but for the first time emerged as independent personalities, compared to poets and writers. Many artisans merged mathematics with art, in order to become more precise in their measurements and to make sure an object was supported both rationally and proportionally. However, Renaissance artists also placed human concerns and feelings at the center of their works. Such optimism combined with intellectual curiosity and increasing worldliness made it possible for art to be valued. Over all, the Renaissance art movement completely discredited the middle Ages as being dead both intellectually and artistically, thus rendering the Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic style art as being without value. The Renaissance came from a revival of the Classical ideas, concepts, and knowledge.   What had once been forgotten was once again the focus of society.   It was also found that in Classical times artists enjoyed a much higher level of prestige than they did during the Middle Ages.   Artists wanted to enjoy this status once again. The Renaissance took place over a long period of time.   Maybe this is an indication of its immense popularity both then and now.   However, the Italian Renaissance can be divided into three distinct periods known as Early, High, and Late respectively.   These stages were preceded by the Gothic art movement, which acted as a bridge between the middle Ages and the Renaissance, and was followed by Mannerism, which bridged the gap between the Renaissance and the Baroque.   Mannerism hardly had an effect on the popular arts of the time and was not fit into the already neatly categorized art periods when historians looked back upon the era. Early Renaissance art took up most of the 15th century and was characterized by inspiration from antiquity.   The movement was focused in Florence, Italy because this local had brought attention upon itself through various conflicts within the church and with its neighbors.   The art form focused on the human body, space, and the laws of proportion when it came to architecture.   The belief was that progress and development were the backbone of the evolution and survival of art.   The primary painter of the time was Masaccio.   His work was religious in nature and his inspiration came not from other painters, but from the sculptor Donatello and the architect Brunelleschi. High Renaissance art was characterized by creating physical presence, drama, and balance than on the behavior and personality that were the focus of Early Renaissance art.   The major painters of the time were numerous.   There was Leonardo da Vinci, Donato, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian.   This period was short lived, lasting from about 1495-1520 and served as a transitional period between early and late Renaissance.   However, although brief, the art that flowed from this period was exceptional and some of the most famous artists ever produced work during this time.   After all, these artists had such a command over their talents that they were able to produce any natural effect they desired and they had an intellect that allowed for balance and harmony along with fine detail, also was created a term for some of them, Renaissance man. The term Renaissance man has come to mean someone with exceptional skills in a wide range of fields. The description applies to many people during the Renaissance, but there are two outstanding candidates for the title. They are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. The older man, Leonardo, is exceptional in that he excels in two entirely different disciplines, experimental science and the visual arts. But on the artistic side alone, Michelangelo must be the man. He creates works, all of the highest quality, in the four distinct fields of sculpture, painting, architecture and poetry. The late Renaissance began with the sack of Rome in 1527.   Artists had to scramble to relocate throughout Italy, France, and Spain.   This period led to what is now called Mannerism.   Mannerism artists turned to producing paintings of people, often nudes, that were portrayed in strange poses and looking somewhat grotesque while odd themes were used and emotion looked horrifying.  Michelangelo was the only painter from the High Renaissance to make into the late period. The growing emphasis on individualism during the Renaissance began a change of status for composers of music in society. Unlike their medieval predecessors, Renaissance composers were recognized more often during their lifetimes. The technology of printing permitted a much wider distribution of their works and enabled a larger public into the study of music. Even when spiritual music was still in a dominant position, secular music was becoming more common and its forms more cultivated than in the previous era. The repertoire of instrumental music became more varied, along with the invention of new instruments and many of the instruments of the period were improved. Humanism is considered to be the most significant intellectual movement of the Renaissance. As its name implies, humanism was a philosophy that was characterized by blending concern with the history and actions of all human beings, and their influences on the world with religious duty. Prior to Renaissance thinking Medieval Europe considered life to be sinful that people should only be concerned about their duty to God and the afterlife. The humanists thought that every person has respect and worth and therefore should command the respect of every other person. The humanistic movement began during the early Italian Renaissance with the rediscovery of the writings of classical Greeks and Romans, which were not only models of literary style, but considered to be guides to the understanding of life. The Renaissance movement ushered in the use of oil paints.   This was a boon to artists as, due to the slow drying time of oil paints, they could edit their paintings, making adjustments over a period of months.   They could now focus more on the quality of light on their paintings and were also more in tune with the architectural accuracy of the buildings in the background of their work.   Themes centered on Greek and Roman mythology as well as Biblical characters and the Madonna was a pre-eminent figure.   When it came to depictions of the human body, emphasis was often put on the nude form and the perfection of the body. Another important result of the Renaissance was that painters began to communicate more with poets, essayists, philosophers, and scientists.   The boundaries between these disciplines began to blur and they began to share ideas with one another and recognized one another for the visionaries they truly were. What caused this rebirth of the visual arts is still unclear; the fourteenth century in Europe witnessed several catastrophic harvests, the Black Death (1346), and a continuing war between England and France. Hardly ideal conditions for an eruption of creativity let alone a sustained birth of paintings, drawings, sculptures and new buildings. Moreover, the Church, the biggest patron of the arts, was racked with disagreements about spiritual and secular issues. Prosperity was also coming to Northern Europe, as evidenced by the establishment in Germany of the Hanseatic League of cities. This increasing wealth provided the financial support for a growing number of commissions of large public and private art projects, while the trade routes upon which it was based greatly assisted the spread of ideas and thus contributed to the growth of the movement across the Continent. Allied to this spread of ideas, which incidentally speeded up significantly with the invention of printing, there was an undoubted sense of impatience at the slow progress of change. After a thousand years of cultural and intellectual starvation, Europe and especially Italy, was anxious for a re-birth. Over all, the Renaissance produced some of the most well known art ever created in human history.   It was a time of revival, of going back to something form the past that worked and bringing that past into new light.   After more than five hundred years we still marvel at the works of artists such as Da Vinci and Michelangelo. Humanism downplayed religious and secular dogma and instead attached the greatest importance to the dignity and worth of the individual. This period was unique in its portrayal of the human body and in its enmeshment of art and science.   It was proof that the old and the new can come together in harmony.

Understanding Mental Illness :: essays research papers fc

Understanding Mental Illness: Means for Lifting the Stigma As a victim of the debilitating mental illness clinical depression, I have a first hand knowledge of the terrible stigma attached to seeking medical help for this and similar problems. When the diagnosis was made, I told no one that I was seeing a psychologist. I feared what people would think of me and how they would react to one of their friends seeing a "shrink". Because mental illnesses are not well known and even less well understood, people tend to fear them. People who may be afflicted with mental illnesses often shy away from treatment because they fear that they will be labeled "crazy" or sent to an institution. I think that the stigma attached to mental health care could be easily lifted if regular psychiatric examinations were instituted, much the same as regular physicals. As people are exposed to the illnesses and begin to understand their origins and ways to help, this fear of people afflicted with the diseases should shrink (ha ha) and eventual ly disappear. As our country moves from a society made up of mainly manual laborers, to a society of white-collar workers, Americans find themselves with more and more leisure time. Often, if everything is going well in the world, society will look for problems to take the place of those that have been eliminated. For example, during the past ten years, Americans have had few really big problems, there have been no close to home wars, the economy is doing well, and unemployment has been dramatically down. Because of this, people have had large amounts of free time and energy, which was previously spent trying to work out larger problems and issues. For many people, this time is spent looking within themselves and often noticing things within their personality and psyche that would have been overlooked by earlier generations (onhealth.com/ conditions/cause). Statistics of today would lead one to believe that the occurrence of these illnesses has increased, however; awareness and the willingnes s of the victim to receive help has increased instead. There is less of a stigma attached to seeking mental health care than there has ever been before in this country. People are more willing to recognize and obtain help for their problems instead of ignoring them and going on with their lives as if nothing is wrong. With the continual exposure of the general public to these diseases, society is sure to place even a lesser degree of shame on the sufferer and his or her family.

Bombay Stock Exchange

Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ Coordinates: 18. 929681 °N 72. 833589 °E Bombay Stock Exchange From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) (Hindi or Marathi: Bombay Share Bazaar) (formerly, The Stock Exchange, Bombay) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and largest number of listed companies in the world, with 4990 listed as of August 2010. [2][3] It is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. On Aug, 2010, the equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE was US$1. 39 trillion, making it the 4th largest stock exchange in Asia and the 11th largest in the world. 4] With over 4,990 Indian companies listed & over 7700 scrips on the stock exchange,[5] it has a significant trading volume.The BSE SENSEX (SENSitive indEX), also called the â€Å"BSE 30†, is a widely used market index in India and Asia. Though many other exchanges exist, BSE and the National Stock Exchange of India account for most of the trading i n shares in India. Bombay Stock Exchange Contents 1 Hours of operation 2 History 3 Timeline 4 BSE indices 5 Sensex correlation with emerging market indices 6 Awards 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Type Stock Exchange Location Mumbai, India Coordinates 18. 29681 °N 72. 833589 °E Founded 1875 Owner Bombay Stock Exchange Limited Key people Madhu Kannan (CEO & M D) Currency Indian rupee No. of listings 4,996 MarketCap US$1. 39 trillion (August 2010)[1] Volume US$980 billion (2006) Indexes BSE Sensex Website www. bseindia. com (http://www. bseindia. com/) Hours of operation Session Trading Session Timing 9:00 – 15:30 Beginning of the Day Session 8:00 – 9:00 †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 1/6 9/27/2010Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ Position Transfer Session Closing Session Option Exercise Session Margin Session Query Session End of Day Session 5:30 – 15:50 15:50 – 16:05 16:05 – 16:35 16:35  œ 16:50 16:50 – 17:35 17:30 The hours of operation for the BSE quoted above are stated in terms of the local time (i. e. GMT +5:30) in Mumbai (Bombay), India. BSE's normal trading sessions are on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance. [6] History The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest exchange in Asia. It traces its history to the 1850s, when 4 Gujarati and 1 Parsi stockbroker would gather under banyan trees in front of Mumbai's Town Hall.The location of these meetings changed many times, as the number of brokers constantly increased. The group eventually moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 became an official organization known as ‘The Native Share ; Stock Brokers Association'. In 1956, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. The Bombay Stock Exchange developed the BSE Sensex in 1986, giving the BSE a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2000 the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading Sensex futures contracts.The development of Sensex options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE's trading platform. Historically an open outcry floor trading The Phiroze Jeejeebhoy exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system Towers house the Bombay in 1995. It took the exchange only fifty days to make this transition. This Stock Exchange since 1980. automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-line trading (BOLT) currently has a capacity of 80 lakh orders per day. The BSE has also introduced the world's first centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx. o. in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. [7]. The BSE is currently housed in Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort area.Timeline Following is the timeline on the rise and rise of the S ensex through Indian stock market history. 1830's Business on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton presses started in Bombay. 1860-1865 Cotton price bubble as a result of the American Civil War 1870 – 90's Sharp increase in share prices of jute industries followed by a boom in tea stocks and coal 1978-79 Base year of Sensex, defined to be 100. †¦wikipedia. rg/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 2/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ 1986 Sensex first compiled[8] using a market Capitalization-Weighted methodology for 30 component stocks representing well-established companies across key sectors. 30 October 2006 The Sensex on October 30, 2006 crossed the magical figure of 13,000 and closed at 13,024. 26 points, up 117. 45 points or 0. 9%. It took 135 days for the Sensex to move from 12,000 to 13,000 and 123 days to move from 12,500 to 13,000. 5 December 2006 The Sensex on December 5, 2006 crossed the 14,000-mark to touch 14,028 points.It t ook 36 days for the Sensex to move from 13,000 to the 14,000 mark. 6 July 2007 The Sensex on July 6, 2007 crossed the magical figure of 15,000 to touch 15,005 points in afternoon trade. It took seven months for the Sensex to move from 14,000 to 15,000 points. 19 September 2007 The Sensex scaled yet another milestone during early morning trade on September 19, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the Sensex crossed 16,000, rising by 450 points from the previous close. The 30-share Bombay Stock Exchange's sensitive index took 53 days to reach 16,000 from 15,000. Nifty also touched a new high at 4659, up 113 points.The Sensex finally ended with a gain of 654 points at 16,323. The NSE Nifty gained 186 points to close at 4,732. 26 September 2007 The Sensex scaled yet another height during early morning trade on September 26, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the Sensex crossed the 17,000-mark . Some profit taking towards the end, saw the index slip into red to 16,887  œ down 187 points from the day's high. The Sensex ended with a gain of 22 points at 16,921. 9 October 2007 The BSE Sensex crossed the 18,000-mark on October 9, 2007. It took just 8 days to cross 18,000 points from the 17,000 mark.The index zoomed to a new all-time intra-day high of 18,327. It finally gained 789 points to close at an all-time high of 18,280. The market set several new records including the biggest single day gain of 789 points at close, as well as the largest intra-day gains of 993 points in absolute term backed by frenzied buying after the news of the UPA and Left meeting on October 22 put an end to the worries of an impending election. 15 October 2007 The Sensex crossed the 19,000-mark backed by revival of funds-based buying in blue chip stocks in metal, capital goods and refinery sectors.The index gained the last 1,000 points in just four trading days. The index touched a fresh all-time intra-day high of 19,096, and finally ended with a smart gain of 640 points at 19,059. The Nifty gained 242 points to close at 5,670. 29 October 2007 The Sensex crossed the 20,000 mark on the back of aggressive buying by funds ahead of the US Federal Reserve meeting. The index took only 10 trading days to gain 1,000 points after the index crossed the 19,000-mark on October 15. The major drivers of today's rally were index heavyweights Larsen and Toubro, Reliance Industries, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and SBI among others.The 30-share index spurted in the last five minutes of trade to fly-past the crucial level and scaled a new intra-day peak at 20,024. 87 points before ending at its fresh closing high of 19,977. 67, a gain of 734. 50 points. The NSE Nifty rose to a record high 5,922. 50 points before ending at 5,905. 90, showing a hefty gain of 203. 60 points. 8 January 2008 The sensex peaks. It crossed the 21,000 mark in intra-day trading after 49 trading sessions. This was backed by high market confidence of increased FII investment and strong corporate results for the third quarter.However, it later fell back due to profit booking. †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 3/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ 13 June 2008 The sensex closed below 15,200 mark, Indian market suffer with major downfall from January 21, 2008 25 June 2008 The sensex touched an intra day low of 13,731 during the early trades, then pulled back and ended up at 14,220 amidst a negative sentiment generated on the Reserve Bank of India hiking CRR by 50 bps. FII outflow continued in this week. 2 July 2008 The sensex hit an intra day low of 12,822. 0 on July 2, 2008. This is the lowest that it has ever been in the past year. Six months ago, on January 10, 2008, the market had hit an all time high of 21206. 70. This is a bad time for the Indian markets, although Reliance and Infosys continue to lead the way with mostly positive results. Bloomberg lists them as the top two gainers for the Sensex, closely followed by ICICI Bank an d ITC Ltd. 6 October 2008 The sensex closed at 11801. 70 hitting the lowest in the past 2 years. 10 October 2008 The Sensex today closed at 10527,800. 1 points down from the previous day having seen an intraday fall of as large as 1063 points. Thus, this week turned out to be the week with largest percentage fall in the SenseX 18 May 2009 After the result of 15th Indian general election Sensex gained 2100. 79 points from the previous close of 12173. 42, a record one-day gain. In the opening trade itself the Sensex evinced a 15% gain over the previous close which led to a two-hour suspension in trading. After trading resumed, the Sensex surged again, leading to a full day suspension of trading. BSE indicesFor the premier stock exchange that pioneered the securities transaction business in India, over a century of experience is a proud achievement. A lot has changed since 1875 when 318 persons by paying a then princely amount of Re. 1, became members of what today is called Bombay Sto ck Exchange Limited (BSE). Over the decades, the stock market in the country has passed through good and bad periods. The journey in the 20th century has not been an easy one. Till the decade of eighties, there was no measure or scale that could precisely measure the various ups and downs in the Indian stock market.BSE, in 1986, came out with a Stock Index-SENSEX- that subsequently became the barometer of the Indian stock market. The launch of SENSEX in 1986 was later followed up in January 1989 by introduction of BSE National Index (Base: 1983-84 = 100). It comprised 100 stocks listed at five major stock exchanges in India Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Madras. The BSE National Bombay Stock Exchange Index was renamed BSE-100 Index from October 14, 1996 and since then, it is being calculated taking into consideration only the prices of stocks listed at BSE.BSE launched the dollar-linked version of BSE-100 index on May 22, 2006. With a view to provide a better representation of the increasing number of listed companies, larger market capitalization and the new industry sectors, BSE launched on 27th May, 1994 two new index series viz. , the ‘BSE200' and the ‘DOLLEX-200'. Since then, BSE has come a long way in attuning itself to the varied needs of †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 4/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ investors and market participants.In order to fulfill the need for still broader, segment-specific and sector-specific indices, BSE has continuously been increasing the range of its indices. BSE-500 Index and 5 sectoral indices were launched in 1999. In 2001, BSE launched BSE-PSU Index, DOLLEX-30 and the country's first free-float based index – the BSE TECk Index. Over the years, BSE shifted all its indices to the free-float methodology (except BSE-PSU index). BSE disseminates information on the Price-Earnings Ratio, the Price to Book Value Ratio and the Dividend Yield Perc entage on day-to-day basis of all its major indices.The values of all BSE indices are updated on real time basis during market hours and displayed through the BOLT system, BSE website and news wire agencies. All BSE Indices are reviewed periodically by the BSE Index Committee. This Committee which comprises eminent independent finance professionals frames the broad policy guidelines for the development and maintenance of all BSE indices. The BSE Index Cell carries out the day-to-day maintenance of all indices and conducts research on development of new indices. [9] Sensex correlation with emerging market indicesSensex is significantly correlated with the stock indices of other emerging markets[10][11] Awards The World Council of Corporate Governance has awarded the Golden Peacock Global CSR Award for BSE's initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The Annual Reports and Accounts of BSE for the year ended March 31, 2006 and March 31 2007 have been awarded the ICAI awards for excellence in financial reporting. The Human Resource Management at BSE has won the Asia – Pacific HRM awards for its efforts in employer branding through talent management at work, health management at work and excellence in HR through technologySee also Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers Clause 49 National Stock Exchange of India Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange List of South Asian stock exchanges References 1. ^ World-exchanges. org (http://www. world-exchanges. org) 2. ^ World-exchanges. org (http://www. world-exchanges. org) 3. ^ â€Å"BSE – Key statistics† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/st_key/list_cap_raised. asp) . Bseindia. com. http://www. bseindia. com/about/st_key/list_cap_raised. asp. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 4. ^ World Federation of Exchanges (2007) (http://www. world-exchanges. rg/publications/EQU1107. pdf) â€Å"World †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 5/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ 5 . 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Federation of Exchanges (2007)† ^ BSE website, (http://www. bseindia. com/about/st_key/list_cap_raised. asp) â€Å"Listing and Capital Raised† ^ Market Hours, Bombay Stock Exchange via Wikinvest ^ â€Å"BSEIndia† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/tech. asp) . BSEIndia. http://www. bseindia. com/about/tech. asp. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ â€Å"BSEIndia† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/bse30. asp) .BSEIndia. 2003-09-01. http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/bse30. asp. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ â€Å"BSEIndia† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/preface. asp) . BSEIndia. http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/preface. asp. Retrieved 2010-08-26. ^ â€Å"BSE SENSEX Index Chart – Yahoo! Finance† (http://finance. yahoo. com/echarts? s=%5EBSESN#chart1:symbol=^bsesn;range=my;compare=^gspc+eww+ewy;indicator=volume;charttype=line;cros shair=on;ohlcvalues=0;logscale=on;source=undefined) . Finance. yahoo. com. http://finance. yahoo. com/echarts? =%5EBSESN#chart1:symbol=^bsesn;range=my;compare=^gspc+eww+ewy;indicator=volume;charttype=line;cros shair=on;ohlcvalues=0;logscale=on;source=undefined. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ http://www. reutersindia. net/ Asia Technical Analysis with Phil Smith External links Official website (http://www. bseindia. com/) BSE to launch Sensex Futures in US (http://birlaa. com/2008/04/04/bse-to-launch-sensex-futures-trading-inus/) The Evolution Of Indian Stock Market (http://shareskool. com/articles/ViewArticle. inf? article=The+Evolution+Of+Indian+Stock+Market;article_Id=1) Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange† Categories: Bombay Stock Exchange | Companies established in 1875 | Stock exchanges in India | Stock exchanges in Asia | Companies based in Mumbai This page was last modified on 25 September 2010 at 00:14. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 6/6

Technical Writing Definition and Observations

Technical writing is a specialized form of exposition: that is, written communication done on the job, especially in fields with specialized vocabularies, such as science, engineering, technology, and the health sciences. Along with business writing, technical writing is often subsumed under the heading of professional communication. About Technical Writing The Society for Technical Communication (STC) offers this definition of technical writing: the process of gathering information from experts and presenting it to an audience in a clear, easily understandable form. It can take the form of writing an instruction manual for software users or detailed specifications for an engineering project—and myriad other types of writing in technical, medicine, and science fields. In an influential article published in 1965, Webster Earl Britton concluded that the essential characteristic of technical writing is the effort of the author to convey one meaning and only one meaning in what he says. Characteristics of Technical Writing Here are its main characteristics: Purpose:  Getting something done within an organization (completing a project, persuading a customer, pleasing your boss, etc.)Your knowledge of the topic:  Usually greater than that of the readerAudience:  Often several people, with differing technical backgroundsCriteria for evaluation:  Clear and simple organization of ideas, in a format that meets the needs of busy readersStatistical and graphic support:  Frequently used to explain existing conditions and to present alternative courses of action   Differences Between Tech and Other Types of Writing   The Handbook of Technical Writing describes the crafts goal this way: The goal of  technical writing  is to enable readers to use a technology or understand a process or concept. Because the subject matter is more important than the writers  voice, technical writing  style  uses an objective, not a subjective,  tone. The writing style is direct and utilitarian, emphasizing exactness and  clarity  rather than elegance or allusiveness. A technical writer uses  figurative language  only when a  figure of speech  would facilitate understanding. Mike Markel notes in Technical Communication, The biggest difference between technical communication and the other kinds of writing you have done is that technical communication has a somewhat different focus on  audience  and  purpose. In Technical Writing, Presentational Skills, and Online Communication, computer science professor Raymond Greenlaw notes that the writing style in  technical writing is  more prescriptive than in creative writing. In technical writing, we are not so much concerned about entertaining the audience as we are about conveying specific information to our readers in a concise and precise manner. Careers Study People can study technical writing in college or technical school, though a student doesnt have to earn a full degree in the field for the skill to be useful in his or her job. Employees in technical fields who have good communication skills can learn on the job through feedback from their team members as they work on projects, supplementing their work experience through taking occasional targeted courses to further develop their skills. Knowledge of the field and its specialized vocabulary is the most important piece for technical writers, just as in other niche writing areas, and can command a paid premium over generalist writers. Sources Gerald J. Alred, et al., Handbook of Technical Writing. Bedford/St. Martins, 2006.Mike Markel, Technical Communication. 9th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2010.William Sanborn Pfeiffer, Technical Writing: A Practical Approach. Prentice-Hall, 2003.